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tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 1 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated 1.24v cost effective shunt regulator description the tlv431 is a three terminal adj ustable shunt regulator offering excellent temperature stability and output current handling capability up to 20ma. the output voltage may be set to any chosen voltage between 1.24 and 18 volts by selection of two external divider resistors. the tlv431 can be used as a replac ement for zener diodes in many applications requiring an improvem ent in zener performance. the tlv431 is available in 3 grades with initial tolerances of 1%, 0.5%, and 0.2% for the a, b and t grades respectively. features ? low voltage operation v ref = 1.24v ? temperature range -40 to +125c ? reference voltage tolerance at +25c ? 0.2% tlv431t ? 0.5% tlv431b ? 1% tlv431a ? typical temperature drift ? 4 mv (0c to +70c) ? 6 mv (-40c to +85c) ? 11mv (-40c to +125c) ? 80a minimum cathode current ? 0.25 typical output impedance ? adjustable output voltage v ref to 18v ? lead-free finish; rohs compliant (notes 1 & 2) ? halogen and antimony free. ?green? device (note 3) ? qualified to aec-q100 typical application circuit 3.3 v secondary side regulated supply primary side controller r3 i f r1 r2 tlv431 gnd ? optocoupler pin assignments tlv431_h6 (sc70-6 [sot363]) (top view) tlv431_f (sot23) (top view) tlv431_e5 (sot25) (top view) ? pin should be left floating or connect to anode notes: 1. eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs) & 2011/65/eu (roh s 2) compliant. all applicable rohs exemptions applied. 2. see http://www.diodes.com for more in formation about diodes incorpor ated?s definitions of halogen- and antimony-free, "gree n" and lead-free. 3. halogen- and antimony-free "green? products are defined as those which contain <900ppm br omine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm t otal br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. 5 anode n/c 1 cathode 3 n/c ? 2 4 ref 3 anode ref 1 cathode 2 6 anode cathode 1 ref 3 n/c ? 2 4 nc 5 nc ?
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 2 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated absolute maximum ratings (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter rating unit v ka cathode voltage 20 v i ka continuous cathode current -20 to +20 ma i ref reference input current range -0.05 to +3 ma v in input supply voltage (relative to ground) -0.03 to +18 v esd susceptibility hbm human body model 4 kv mm machine model 400 v cdm charged device model 1 kv (semiconductor devices are esd sensitive and may be damaged by expos ure to esd events. suitable esd precautions should be take n when handling and transporting these devices.) parameter rating unit operating junction temperature -40 to +150 c storage temperature -65 to +150 c operation above the absolute maximum rating may cause device failure. operation at the absolute maximum ratings, for extended periods, may reduce device reliability. unless otherwise stated voltages specif ied are relative to the anode pin. these are stress ratings only. operation outside the absolute maximum ratings may cause device failure. recommended operating conditions (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter min max units v ka cathode voltage v ref 18 v i ka cathode current 0.1 15 ma t a operating ambient temperature range -40 +125 c package thermal data package ja p dis t a = +25c, t j = +150c sot23 380c/w 330mw sot25 250c/w 500mw sc70-6 (sot363) 380c/w 330mw
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 3 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated electrical characteristics (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units v ref reference voltage v ka = v ref , t a = +25c tlv431a 1.228 1.24 1.252 v tlv431b 1.234 1.24 1.246 tlv431t 1.2375 1.24 1.2425 v ka = v ref , t a = 0 to +70c tlv431a 1.221 1.259 tlv431b 1.227 1.253 tlv431t 1.230 1.250 v ka = v ref , t a = -40 to +85c tlv431a 1.215 1.265 tlv431b 1.224 1.259 tlv431t 1.228 1.252 v ka = v ref , t a = -40 to +125c tlv431a 1.209 1.271 tlv431b 1.221 1.265 tlv431t 1.224 1.255 v ref(dev) deviation of reference voltage over full temperature range v ka = v ref t a = 0 to +70c 4 12 mv t a = -40 to +85c 6 20 t a = -40 to +125c 11 31 v ref v ka ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage v ka for v ref to 6v -1.5 -2.7 mv/v 18v -1.5 -2.7 i ref reference input current r 1 = 10k ? , r 2 = oc 0.15 0.5 a i ref(dev) i ref deviation over full temperature range r 1 = 10k ? , r 2 = oc t a = 0 to +70c 0.05 0.3 a t a = -40 to +85c 0.1 0.4 t a = -40 to +125c 0.15 0.5 i kmin minimum cathode current for regulation v ka = v ref t a = 0 to +70c 55 80 a t a = -40 to +85c 55 80 t a = -40 to +125c 55 100 i k(off) off state current v ka = 18v, v ref = 0v 0.001 0.1 a z ka dynamic output impedance v ka = v ref, f = <1khz i k = 0.1 to 15ma 0.25 0.4 ?
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 4 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical characteristics test circuit for v ref measurement 10k ? o/p 75k ? i k 10ma s1 100nf 56k ?
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 5 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical characteristics (cont.)
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 6 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical characteristics (cont.) test circuit for input noise voltage test circuit for phase shift and gain test circuit for reference impedance 100f 50? 100? o/p 100? ~ ~ 10f 4.3k ? o/p 6.8k ? 180? 5v i k 470f 750? o/p 1k ? 3v
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 7 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical characteristics (cont.) test circuit for pulse response pulse generator o/p
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 8 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated application notes in a conventional shunt regulat or application (figure 1), an external series resistor (r 3 ) is connected between the supply voltage, v in , and the tlv431. r 3 determines the current that flows through the load (i l ) and the tlv431 (i k ). the tlv431 will adjust how much current it sinks or ?shunts? to maintain a voltage equal to v ref across its feedback pin. since load current and supply voltage may vary, r 3 should be small enough to supply at least the minimum acceptable i kmin to the tlv431 even when the supply voltage is at its minimum and the load current is at its maximum value. when the supply voltage is at its maximum and i l is at its minimum, r 3 should be large enough so that the current flowing through the tlv431 is less than 15ma. r 3 is determined by the supply voltage, (v in ), the load and operating current, (i l and i k ), and the tlv431?s reverse breakdown voltage, v ka . ? figure 1 kl kain 3 ii vv r + ? = where ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? += 2 1 ref ka r r 1vv and v ka = v out the values of r1 and r2 should be large enough so that the current flowing through them is much smaller than the current throug h r3 yet not too large that the voltage drop across them caused i ref affects the reference accuracy. the most frequent application of the tlv431 is in isolated low output voltage power supplies where the regulated output is galv anically isolated from the controller. as shown in figure 2 the tlv431 drives current, i f , through the opto-coupler?s led which in turn drives the isolated transistor which is connected to the controller on the primary side of the power supply. this completes the feedback path through the isolation barrier a nd ensures that a stable isolated supply is maintained. assuming a forward drop of 1.4v across the opto-coupler diode allows output voltages as low as 2.7v to be regulated. regulated supply regulated supply to controller to controller r3 i f r1 r2 tlv431 gnd ? optocoupler ? ? ? ? ? ? += 2r 1r 1vv ref out ma15 7.2 v 3r i 7.2v (max)out (min)f out ? > ? figure 2. using the tlv431 as the regulating element in an isolated psu
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 9 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated application notes (cont.) printed circuit board layout considerations the tlv431 in the sot25 package has the die attached to pin 2, wh ich results in an electrical c ontact between pin 2 and pin 5. therefore, pin 2 of the sot25 package must be left fl oating or connected to pin 5. tlv431 in the sc70-6 (sot363) package has the die attached to pin 2 and 5, which results in an el ectrical contact between pins 2, 5 and pin 6. therefore, pins 2 and 5 must be left floating or connected to pin 6. other applications of the tlv431 r4 v in v out i b r1 r2 tlv431 gnd c1 0.1f ? zxtp2039f q1 r3 i sh v ref ? ? ? ? ? ? += 2r 1r 1vv ref out bsh out in ii vv 3r + ? = b be i v 4r = ma15i h i b (min)fe sh < ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? figure 3. high current shunt regulator it may at times be required to shunt-regulate more current than the 15ma that the tlv431 is capable of. figure 3 shows how this can be done using trans istor q1 to amplify the tlv431?s curren t. care needs to be taken that the power dissipation and/or soa requirements of the transistor is not exceeded. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? += 2r 1r 1vv ref out b be out in i )vv(v 3r +? = ma15i h i b (min)fe (max)out < ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? figure 4. basic series regulator a very effective and simple series regulat or can be implemented as shown in figure 4 above. this may be preferable if the load requires more current than can be provided by the tlv431 alone and there is a need to conserve powe r when the load is not being powered. this circuit also uses one component less than the shunt ci rcuit shown in figure 3 above.
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 10 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated application notes (cont.) printed circuit board layout considerations (cont.) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? += 2r 1r 1vv ref out b be out in i )vv(v 3r +? = ma18i h i b (min)fe (max)out < ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (max)out ref s i v r = figure 5. series regulator with current limit figure 5 adds current limit to the series regulator in figure 4 using a second tlv431. for currents below the limit, the circui t works normally supplying the required load current at the design voltage. howeve r should attempts be made to exc eed the design current set by the second tlv431, the device begins to shunt current away from the base of q1. this begins to reduce the output voltage and thus ensuring that the output current is clamped at the design value. s ubject only to q1?s ability to withstand t he resulting power dissipation, the circuit can withstand either a brief or indefinite short circuit. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? += 2r 1r 1vv ref out )vv(v ref reg out + (all features of the regulator such as short circuit protection, thermal shutdown, etc, are maintained.) figure 6. increasing output voltage of a fixed linear regulator one of the useful applications of the tlv431 is in using it to improve the accuracy and/or extend the range and flexibility of fixed voltage regulators. in the circuit in figure 6 above both the output voltage and its accuracy are entirely determined by the tlv431, r1 and r2. however the rest of the features of the regulator (up to 5a output current, output current limiting and thermal shutdown) are all still available.
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 11 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated application notes (cont.) printed circuit board layout considerations (cont.) v in v out v r1 r2 tlv431 gnd c1 0.1f ? ref vr1 vin vout gnd ap1117 or ap1084 1.2 v r3 i b ? ? ? ? ? ? += 2r 1r 1vv ref out )vv(v ref reg out + b reg out in i )vv(v 3r ?? = ma18ima1.0 b ? (all features of the regulator such as short circuit protection, thermal shutdown, etc, are maintained.) figure 7. adjustable linear voltage regulator figure 7 is similar to figure 6 with adjustability added. note the addition of r3. this is only required for the ap1117 due to the fact that its ground or adjustment pin can only supply a few micr o-amps of current at best. r3 is therefore needed to provide sufficient bias curren t for the tlv431. ordering information tol. part number package part mark status reel size tape width quanity per reel 1% tlv431ae5ta sot25 v1a active 7?, 180mm 8mm 3000 tlv431afta sot23 v1a active 7?, 180mm 8mm 3000 tlv431ah6ta sc70-6 (sot363) v1a active 7?, 180mm 12mm 1000 0.5% TLV431BE5TA sot25 v1b active 7?, 180mm 8mm 3000 tlv431bfta sot23 v1b active 7?, 180mm 8mm 3000 tlv431bh6ta sc70-6 (sot363) v1b active 7?, 180mm 12mm 1000 0.2% tlv431tfta sot23 v1t active 7?, 180mm 8mm 3000
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 12 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated package outline dimensions (all dimensions in mm.) please see ap02002 at http://www.diodes.com /datasheets/ap02002.pdf for latest version. sot23 sot25 sc70-6 (sot363) sot23 dim min max typ a 0.37 0.51 0.40 b 1.20 1.40 1.30 c 2.30 2.50 2.40 d 0.89 1.03 0.915 f 0.45 0.60 0.535 g 1.78 2.05 1.83 h 2.80 3.00 2.90 j 0.013 0.10 0.05 k 0.903 1.10 1.00 k1 ? ? 0.400 l 0.45 0.61 0.55 m 0.085 0.18 0.11 0 8 ? all dimensions in mm sot25 dim min max typ a 0.35 0.50 0.38 b 1.50 1.70 1.60 c 2.70 3.00 2.80 d ? ? 0.95 h 2.90 3.10 3.00 j 0.013 0.10 0.05 k 1.00 1.30 1.10 l 0.35 0.55 0.40 m 0.10 0.20 0.15 n 0.70 0.80 0.75 0 8 ? all dimensions in mm sc70-6 (sot363) dim min max typ a 0.10 0.30 0.25 b 1.15 1.35 1.30 c 2.00 2.20 2.10 d 0.65 typ f 0.40 0.45 0.425 h 1.80 2.20 2.15 j 0 0.10 0.05 k 0.90 1.00 1.00 l 0.25 0.40 0.30 m 0.10 0.22 0.11 0 8 - all dimensions in mm a m j l d f b c h k g k1 a m j l d b c h k n a m j l d b c h k f
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 13 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated suggested pad layout please see ap02001 at http://www.diodes.com/dat asheets/ap02001.pdf for the latest version. sot23 sot25 sc70-6 (sot363) dimensions value (in mm) z 2.9 x 0.8 y 0.9 c 2.0 e 1.35 dimensions value (in mm) z 3.20 g 1.60 x 0.55 y 0.80 c1 2.40 c2 0.95 dimensions value (in mm) z 2.5 g 1.3 x 0.42 y 0.6 c1 1.9 c2 0.65 x e y c z x z y c1 c2 c2 g x z y c1 c2 c2 g
tlv431 document number: ds32088 rev. 6 - 2 14 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated tlv431 a product line o f diodes incorporated important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries rese rve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or ot her changes without further notice to this document and any product descri bed herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or an y product described herein; neither does di odes incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applica tions shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated a nd all the companies whose products are represented on diodes incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthoriz ed sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes inco rporated products for any unintended or una uthorized application, customers shall i ndemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representativ es harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death a ssociated with such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical component s in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive offi cer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or syst ems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when proper ly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support devic e or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifi cations of their life support dev ices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning the ir products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or s ystems-related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporate d and its representatives against any damages arisi ng out of the use of diodes incorporated pr oducts in such safety-critical, life suppor t devices or systems. copyright ? 2012, diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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